On the Role of ISR in a Distributed Heliophysics Observatory

A defining feature of heliophysics is the abrupt change in governing physics at specific space-time boundaries. Conditions established at one scale excite processes defined by an entirely different set of governing equations. Prominent examples include magnetic reconnection, auroral acceleration, equatorial spread-F, and Alfvenic turbulence. Developing a quantitative and predictive understanding of these cross-scale interactions is arguable the core challenge of geospace system science. Modern Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) techniques are able to resolve plasma state parameters in over a substantial regional volume at rapid cadence, providing critical context for global-scale measurements acquired from less capable sensors.

In its recent history, the most significant contributions of ISR have come from their collaborative use with other measurements from both ground and space. Current initiatives in heliophysics are focused on the development of a distributed “heliophysics system observatory” (HSO) involving networks of sensors deployed both on ground and in space. These efforts call for a critical examination of the future role of ISR. Such discussions must be informed by advancements in ISR technology -- including the use of electronically scanned arrays, digital RF, software radar, low-cost components, and remote operations -- and thus must involve interactions between scientists and engineers. This talk seeks to initiate discussions on the role of ISR as a capable element in the heliophysics system observatory.