Understanding High Wintertime Ozone Events over an Oil and Natural Gas Production Region from Air Quality Model Perspective
Ravan Ahmadov1,2, Stuart A McKeen2,3, Michael Trainer2, Robert M Banta4, Steven S Brown2, Peter M Edwards5, Gregory J Frost1,6, Jessica Gilman6, Dr. Detlev Helmig7, Bryan Johnson8, Anna Karion9, Abigail Koss10, Brian M Lerner11, Samuel J Oltmans9, Dr. James Roberts, PhD6, Russell C Schnell12, Patrick R Veres13, Carsten Warneke14, Eric J Williams15, Robert J Wild16, Bin Yuan1,2, Robert J Zamora17, Gabrielle Petron18, Joost A de Gouw19 and Jeff Peischl2,20, (1)Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)NOAA/ESRL/CSD, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)CIRES, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, United States, (7)University of Colorado at Boulder, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)NOAA Boulder, ESRL/GMD, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)University of Colorado at Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (11)Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States, (12)NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (13)NOAA Boulder, Boulder, United States, (14)NOAA Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (15)NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO, United States, (16)Colorado University/NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, CO, United States, (17)NOAA/OAR R/PSD2, Boulder, CO, United States, (18)University of Colorado, Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, United States, (19)University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemistry, Boulder, United States, (20)Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
Abstract:
The huge increase in production of oil and natural gas has been associated with high wintertime ozone events over some parts of the western US. The Uinta Basin, UT, where oil and natural gas production is abundant experienced high ozone concentrations in winters of recent years, when cold stagnant weather conditions were prevalent. It has been very challenging for conventional air quality models to accurately simulate such wintertime ozone pollution cases. Here, a regional air quality model study was successfully conducted for the Uinta Basin by using the WRF-Chem model. For this purpose a new emission dataset for the region’s oil/gas sector was built based on atmospheric in-situ measurements made during 2012 and 2013 field campaigns in the Uinta Basin.
The WRF-Chem model demonstrates that the major factors driving high ozone in the Uinta Basin in winter are shallow boundary layers with light winds, high emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) compared to nitrogen oxides emissions from the oil and natural gas industry, enhancement of photolysis rates and reduction of O3 dry deposition due to snow cover. We present multiple sensitivity simulations to quantify the contribution of various factors driving high ozone over the Uinta Basin. The emission perturbation simulations show that the photochemical conditions in the Basin during winter of 2013 were VOC sensitive, which suggests that targeting VOC emissions would be most beneficial for regulatory purposes. Shortcomings of the emissions within the most recent US EPA (NEI-2011, version 1) inventory are also discussed.
