Groundwater monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in California: Recommendations for permit-required monitoring

Bradley K Esser1, Harry R Beller2, Susan Carroll1, John A Cherry3, Robert B Jackson4, Preston D. Jordan5, Vic Madrid1, Joseph Morris1, Beth L Parker6, William T Stringfellow2, Charuleka Varadharajan2 and Avner Vengosh7, (1)Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States, (2)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, (4)Stanford University, School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States, (5)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Energy Geosciences Division, Berkeley, United States, (6)University of Guelph, School of Engineering, Guelph, ON, Canada, (7)Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, United States