Ice nucleating particles from biomass combustion: emission rates and the role of refractory black carbon

Ezra JT Levin1, Gavin R McMeeking2, Christina S. McCluskey3, Christian M Carrico4, Shunsuke Nakao5, Chelsea Stockwell6, Robert J Yokelson6, Ryan C Sullivan7, Paul J DeMott8 and Sonia M Kreidenweis3, (1)Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (2)Handix Scientific, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (4)New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States, (5)Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States, (6)University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States, (7)Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, (8)Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, United States