Frequency Modulated Spectroscopy (FMS) - A Novel Method for Standoff Trace Gas Detection

Abstract:

Geologic storage of carbon rich gases captured from the emissions of fossil fuel combustion is a promising option to mitigate against greenhouse warming scenarios. Monitoring surface gas seepage is a strategy to create a successful geologic storage facility. At Los Alamos National Laboratory, new laser systems have been engineered which can measure concentration and isotope ratios of CO₂, CH₄, and H₂S in real time and up to 1 km distances. These systems can work in closed and open path (LIght Detection And Ranging or LIDAR) settings where we use Frequency Modulated Spectroscopy (FMS) to measure the harmonics of the primary absorption peak for CO₂, CH₄, and H₂S absorptions. This provides between 100-1000 times sensitivity to allow for small concentrations or low abundance isotopes to be observed at distance. We tested these systems at various locations around Los Alamos National Laboratory and at the ZERT Controlled Release site in Bozeman Montana. Results show pollution signatures, ecologically productive fluxes, and carbon storage signatures depending upon location monitored. We will present these results and share unique features of this novel system. Remote detection of concentration and isotope profiles of greenhouse and toxic gases can provide a new method for stand-off detection and mapping of gas in the environment. For geologic storage scenarios, this will allow for larger areas to be interrogated for subsurface CO₂ leak detection and can accelerate the Monitoring Verification and Accounting (MVA) mission goals for the Carbon Sequestration and Storage (CCS) communities.