Crystallization of the magma ocean

Abstract:

We model the crystallization of the magma ocean using pyrolite as a proxy for its composition. We employ first-principles molecular-dynamics calculations to determine the density of the magmas. We use diamond-anvil cell experiments to trace the chemical evolution of the magmas during cooling and crystallization. We build a grid of pressure and temperature points, following the chemical evolution of the magma during the entire fractional crystallization of perovskite. Then we construct a geodynamical model of the evolving magma fully taking into account the density and chemistry of the melts and crystals.

We show that the dynamics of the crystallization of the magma ocean is highly dependent (i) on extrinsic parameters, like pressure at the core-mantle boundary and temperature profile through the magma ocean, and (ii) on intrinsic parameters, like relative density relations between the melt and the crystals and vigor of the stirring. Formation of a solid layer in the middle of the magma ocean is possible, which can lead to the eventual formation of a basal magma ocean.