In situ XFEL measurement system for Earth and planetary materials under laser-induced ultrahigh-pressure conditions

Abstract:

High-pressure and high-temperature in situ experiments have revealed behaviors of the earth and planetary constituents under extreme conditions, and contribute to progress our understandings about physical and chemical structure of planetary interiors. These in situ techniques have developed with the third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities such as APS, ESRF, and SPring-8 mainly using large volume presses and diamond anvil cells. In addition to the synchrotron light source, recently X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities have been developed as LCLS and SACLA. The brilliant and extremely short-pulsed XFELs make it possible to carry out femto-second time-resolve measurements, and to observe materials under dynamic/shock compression clearly. Techniques using high-power laser and XFEL are expected to be a next-generation experimental platform, and a pump-probe measurement system using high-power lasers and XFEL was installed at BL3EH5 in SPring-8/SACLA interoperable experimental facility. The system is composed of 45 TW <ns short-pulse laser, 2-dimentional <μm X-ray focusing system (KB mirrors), vacuumed sample chamber, and the MPCCD detector developed for the 10-fs ultra-short pulsed XFEL light source. The high-power laser enables us to generate up to 100 GPa for metal, simple oxide, and natural/synthesized mineral samples. Samples are mounted on sample holders and aligned at the center of the vacuum chamber using a 4-axis Goniometer head. In this presentation, we will overview the experimental setups and typical results of current pump-probe system using XFEL in SACLA.