Middle-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularities and Their Relationships with the Ring Current and Auroral Oval Expansion during Geomagnetic Storms

Xiaoqing Pi, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Anthony J Mannucci, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States and Yongliang Zhang, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States