Near-Earth magnetotail flow braking observed by multi-spacecraft MMS, Geotail, and Cluster

Rumi Nakamura1, Wolfgang Baumjohann2, Daniel Schmid1, Ferdinand Plaschke3, Ali Varsani2, Werner Magnes1, David Fischer1, Christopher T Russell4, Robert J Strangeway5, Tsugunobu Nagai6, Barbara L Giles7, Robert Ergun8, Julia E Stawarz9, Per-Arne Lindqvist10, Yuri V Khotyaintsev11, Ian J Cohen12, Roy B Torbert13, Stephen A Fuselier14, James A Slavin15, Drew L Turner16, Brian J Anderson17, Daniel J Gershman18, Victoria N Coffey19, Naritoshi Kitamura20, Maria Andriopoulou2, Guan Le21, Kenneth R Bromund21, Larry Kepko21, Mark Chutter13, Benoit Lavraud22 and Yoshifumi Saito20, (1)Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, Graz, Austria, (2)Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, (3)TU Braunschweig, Institute of Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Braunschweig, Germany, (4)University of California, IGPP/EPSS, Los Angeles, CA, United States, (5)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (6)Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (8)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom, (10)KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (11)IRF Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, (12)Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States, (13)University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States, (14)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States, (15)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (16)The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, United States, (17)Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, (18)University of Maryland College Park, Department of Astronomy, College Park, MD, United States, (19)NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, United States, (20)ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan, (21)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (22)Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France