Effects of urban trees on mean wind, turbulence and momentum exchange within and above a realistic urban canopy

Marc B Parlange, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Civil Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, Marco Giovanni Giometto, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Pascal Emanuel Egli, ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Manuel F Schmid, Columbia University, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, New York, United States, Thoreau Rory Tooke, University of British Columbia, Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Nicholas C Coops, University of British Columbia, Department of Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Scott Salesky, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada and Andreas Christen, University of British Columbia, Geography / Atmospheric Science Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada