Quantifying co-benefits of source-specific CO2 emission reductions in Canada and the US: An adjoint sensitivity analysis

Marjan Soltanzadeh1, Amanda Joy Pappin1, Amir Hakami2, Shunliu Zhao2, Matthew Turner3, Shannon Capps4, Daven K Henze5, Peter Percell6, Dr. Jesse O Bash, Ph.D.7, Sergey L Napelenok8, Sergey L Napelenok8, Robert W Pinder9, Armistead G Russell10, Athanasios Nenes11, Jaemeen Baek12, Gregory R Carmichael13, Charles O Stanier14, Tianfeng Chai15, Daewon Byun6, Kathleen Fahey16, Jaroslav Resler17 and Rabab Mashayekhi18, (1)Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, (2)Carleton University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ottawa, ON, Canada, (3)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)Drexel University, Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, United States, (5)University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States, (6)University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States, (7)US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States, (8)U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, United States, (9)US EPA, Rtp, NC, United States, (10)Georgia Inst Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States, (11)Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts (LAPI), Lausanne, Switzerland, (12)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (13)University of Iowa, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, United States, (14)University of Iowa, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, United States, (15)University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States, (16)U.S. EPA, Rtp, United States, (17)Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, (18)University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada