Reduction of uncertainty in global black carbon direct radiative forcing constrained by observations

Rong Wang, Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford, Stanford, CA, United States, Yves Balkanski, LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Olivier Boucher, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France, Philippe Ciais, LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France, Gregory L Schuster, Retiree NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, United States, Frederic Chevallier, LSCE Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Bjorn Hallvard Samset, CICERO, Oslo, Norway, Myrto Valari, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Palaiseau Cedex, France, Junfeng Liu, Peking University, Beijing, China and Shu Tao, Peking University, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China