The Radiation Environment on the Surface of Mars and its Implications for Human Exploration: Five Years of Measurements with the MSL/RAD instrument

Cary J Zeitlin1, Bent Ehresmann2, Don Hassler2, Robert F Wimmer-Schweingruber3, Jingnan Guo4, Jan Kristoffer Appel5, Eckart Boehm5, Stephan I Boettcher6, Soenke Burmeister7, Henning Lohf5, Cesar Martin-Garcia8, Daniel Matthiae9, Scot CR Rafkin10 and Gunther Reitz9, (1)Leidos Innovations Corporation, SRAG, Houston, TX, United States, (2)Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, United States, (3)Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (4)University of Science and Technology of China, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Hefei, China, (5)University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (6)University of Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel, Germany, (7)Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel, Germany, (8)IEAP, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, (9)DLR, Cologne, Germany, (10)Southwest Research Institute Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States