Replacement times of the rare earth elements in the North Atlantic Ocean based on thorium supply


Christopher T Hayes1, Robert F Anderson2, Hai Cheng3, Tim M Conway4, R. Lawrence Edwards5, Martin Q Fleisher2, Peng Ho6, Kuo-Fang Huang7, Seth John8, William M Landing9, Susan Halsall Little10, Yanbin Lu11, Bradley Moran12, Peter L Morton13, Rachel Shelley14, Alan M Shiller15 and Xin-Yuan Zheng16, (1)University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, United States, (2)Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, United States, (3)Xi'an Jiaotong University, Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xian, China, (4)University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States, (5)Nanjing Normal University, Dept. of Geography, Nanjing, China, (6)University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, United States, (7)Academia Sinica, Institute of Earth Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, (8)University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (9)Florida State University, Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee, FL, United States, (10)University College London, Earth Sciences, London, United Kingdom, (11)University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States, (12)University of Alaska, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fairbanks, United States, (13)Texas A&M University College Station, Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States, (14)Florida State University, Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Tallahassee, FL, United States, (15)University of Southern Mississippi, Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, MS, United States, (16)University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geoscience, Madison, WI, United States