Understanding the Impact of In-Plume Ash-Gas Interactions Upon the Respiratory Hazard of Volcanic Ash


Ines Tomasek1,2, Claire J. Horwell2, David E Damby3, Paul M Ayris4, Pierre Delmelle5, Chris J Ottley2, Pablo Cubillas2, Ana S. Casas4, Christoph Bisig6, Alke Petri-Fink6, Donald B Dingwell7, Martin James David Clift8, Barbara Drasler6 and Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser6, (1)Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France, (2)Durham University, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham, United Kingdom, (3)USGS California Volcano Observatory, Moffett Field, CA, United States, (4)Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Munich, Germany, (5)Université Catholique de Louvain, ELI, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, (6)University of Fribourg, BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, Fribourg, Switzerland, (7)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Munich, Germany, (8)Swansea University Medical School, In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea, United Kingdom