Exploring the Limits of Life in a South African Deep Subsurface Brine


Calvin Rusley1, Tullis C Onstott2, Prof. Renxing Liang3, John A Higgins4, Nicolas W Slater2, Hiroshi Ogasawara5, Errol Duncan Cason6, Barbara Sherwood Lollar7, Thomas Wiersberg8, Martin Zimmer9, Esta van Heerden10, Thomas L Kieft11, Brenda Freese12, Bennie Leibenberg13 and Van Heerden Esterhuizen12, (1)California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States, (2)Princeton University, Department of Geosciences, Princeton, NJ, United States, (3)Princeton University, Department of Geosciences, Princeton, United States, (4)Princeton University, Princeton, United States, (5)Ritsumeikan University, Kusathu, Japan, (6)University of the Free State, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa, (7)University of Toronto, Department of Earth Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada, (8)ICDP International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, Potsdam, Germany, (9)GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, (10)North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa, (11)New Mexico Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Socorro, NM, United States, (12)Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited, Randfontein, South Africa, (13)Leibenberg, Orkney, South Africa