Rates of Magma Transfer in the Crust: Insights into Magma Reservoir Recharge and Pluton Growth

Abstract:

Plutons have long been viewed as crystallized remnants of large magma reservoirs, a concept now challenged by high precision geochronological data coupled with thermal models. Similarly, the classical view of silicic eruptions fed by long-lived magma reservoirs that slowly differentiate between mafic recharges is being questioned by petrological and geophysical studies. In both cases, a key and yet unresolved issue is the rate of magma transfer in the crust. Here, we use thermal analysis of magma transport to calculate the minimum rate of magma transfer through dykes. We find that unless the crust is exceptionally hot the recharge of magma reservoirs requires a magma supply rate of at least ~ 0.01 km³/yr, much higher than the long-term growth rate of plutons, which demonstrates unequivocally that igneous bodies must grow incrementally. This analysis argues also for magma reservoirs being short-lived and erupting rapidly after a recharge of already differentiated magma. These findings have strong implications for the monitoring of dormant volcanic systems, and raise questions on our ability to interpret geodetic surface signals related to incipient eruptions.