A23A-3200:
Fluxes of reactive trace gases from Tapajos forest: Upwind precursor emissions to complement the GoAmazon campaign.
Tuesday, 16 December 2014
J William Munger1, Eliane Gomes Alves2, Sarah Suely Alves Batalha3, Helber Freitas4, Alex B Guenther5, Matt Hayek1, Scot T Martin1, Jeong-Hoo Park6, Luciana Varanda Rizzo7, Humberto Rocha4, Scott R Saleska8, Roger Seco9, James N Smith6, Julio Tota3, Kenia T Wiedemann1 and Steven C Wofsy1, (1)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (2)INPA National Institute of Amazonian Research, Climate and Environment Department, Manaus, Brazil, (3)Federal University of West Para, Institute of Engineering and Geoscience, Santarem, PA, Brazil, (4)USP University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, (5)Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States, (6)National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Doadema, Brazil, (8)University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, (9)University of California Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, Irvine, CA, United States
Abstract:
The Amazon Forest includes a diverse combination of vegetation characteristics, climate, and land usage that influence emission of the reactive trace-gases driving atmospheric chemistry and particle formation. A better understanding of atmospheric chemistry across this region requires consideration of variation in precursor emissions. To complement the intensive GoAmazon measurement campaigns that are focused on the interaction of Manaus urban plume with surrounding forest emissions we have established a suite of measurements at the km67 site in the
Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, south of Santarem. The site is situated midway between the Tapajos River on the west and the BR 163 highway to the east (upwind). The nearby surroundings for up to 6 km on all sides is intact rain forest. A strip along the east side of the highway and adjacent roads has been cleared for agriculture, but the upwind area is otherwise sparsely populated. The km67 site was initially established in 2001 during the LBA campaign as carbon flux site and included CO measurements to identify influence from local and regional biomass burning. A 64 m tower extends above a 40-45 m closed canopy. In 2014 additional instrumentation including continuous NO/NO2, O3, SO2, and CH4 concentration profiles, NOy concentration and fluxes were added. Volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements using a PTR-HRTOF-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction-High Resolution-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer) and particle measurements using a nanoSMPS were added during a campaign in June-July 2014. This period was influenced by heavy precipitation; as a result O3 levels above the canopy were rather low, and declined further close to the ground. Even though there was no evidence of anthropogenic influence NO and NO2 concentrations were significant. Elevated concentrations beneath the canopy indicate soil NO emission is the dominant source. Eddy-covariance flux measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) above the Tapajós forest revealed concentrations and fluxes of more than 100 masses. Most followed a strong diurnal pattern with higher fluxes during the daytime. Some compounds (e.g., isoprene, acetone and monoterpenes) were emitted from the forest canopy while other compounds, primarily oxidation products of the emitted VOC, were deposited to the forest canopy.
