Variability and Trends in Long Term Time Series and Correlations with Climate Factors

Abstract:

Employing credible data archives, we investigate 350 years of European land/atmospheric time series and 135 years of global oceanic and land/atmospheric time series. We reveal significant non-stationary and non-linear internal modes in the temporal data sets that include prominent signals at seasonal, annual, inter-annual, multi-annual, decadal, multi-decadal and trans-century time scales. We find an overall planetary warming. The overall trend is upwards, but the Global Surface Temperature Anomaly displays rates ranging from 0.8 ^oC/Century in 1659 to 0.0 in 1800 to 0.3 in 1880 and now at 1.0^oC/Century; in deference to the IPCC 2007 Report which claimed ~ 2^oC/Century. We relate the long term trends and variability of the temperature records correlatively with climate factors, such as the North Atlantic, Pacific Decadal, Atlantic Multi-Decadal, El Niño Southern, Arctic, Solar, Western Boundary Current, and other “Oscillations” and possible spatial-temporal links; and with the trend of fossil fuel burning.