On Formation Of HXR, Hydrogen, White Light Emission and Sunquakes in Hydrodynamic Flaring Atmospheres Heated by Particle Beams

Abstract:

We report analysis of kinetic simulations for precipitation of various particle beams (electrons, protons, mixed beam) and hydrodynamic simulations of flaring atmosphere heating by these beams using the approach described by Zharkova and Zharkov (2007). The results show temperature, density and macro-velocity variations as functions of both column and linear depths that for some beam parameters reveals a strong suppression of the upper atmosphere in a form of shocks towards the photosphere and beneath into the solar interior at some distances of 500-3000 km. The shocks deposited at different depths below the photosphere are found to produce varying seismic responses as per model by Zharkov (2013) while the atmospheres above the photosphere reveal various degrees of evaporation of the pressed ambient plasma into the corona depending on beam parameters. After a beam switch off the flaring atmospheres are shown to relax within short timescales to their original status. For physical models corresponding to hydrodynamic responses above we also simulate hydrogen emission produced by these atmospheres using full non-LTE approach and considering collisional excitation and ionisation by electron beams. We compare temporal and spatial distributions of HXR and optical emission in some flares with those produced by the complex simulations above, in attempt to resolve the puzzle of co-spatial formation of HXR and WL emission reported by Martinez-Oliveros et al. (2012).