Measurement, comparison, and transformation of dynamic magnetization in pulse field and high-frequency alternating field

Abstract:

Dynamic magnetizations of selected natural samples (sediments and volcanic rocks) were measured in time domain as well as in frequency domain. The time domain measurements were performed in pulse fields with variable lengths (10 μs to 10 ms) and amplitudes (0.5 mT to 0.7 T). To measure hysteresis parameters for small loops, one cycle of positive and negative pulses with different rate of field variation were generated. In the frequency domain, low-field magnetic susceptibility was measured over the frequency rage (1 kHz to 500 kHz) corresponding to the pulse lengths in the time domain measurements. Results in the time domain were characterized by the transient magnetization–field curves that were broadly comparable to the corresponding portions of the hysteresis loops measured by a quasi-static method using a VSM. The dynamic coercivity that is defined as the intersect with the abscissa in the negative regime increased as the pulse length reduced and the pulse peak increased. In strong pulse fields (> 0.5 T), irrespective of the kinds of samples, the magnetization remained at the end of a pulse and decayed exponentially within a few ms, suggesting rapid magnetic relaxations. In weak pulse fields, no such relaxation was observed except for the sediments rich in superparamagnetic (SP) particles. These field dependencies suggest that the relaxations in the strong fields could be due to the dynamics of the domain walls in the MD particles, while those of the sediments in weak fields may be ascribed to the relaxation of the SP particles. Results in the frequency domain were obtained in terms of the frequency spectrum of the real and imaginary components of complex susceptibility. Comparisons and interpretations of the data in these different domains were made in terms of the distribution of relaxation times. Discussions on the numerical conversion and transformation of these data as well as their rock magnetic applications will be provided.