P13A:
Mars Upper Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Solar Wind Interactions, and Escape IV Posters

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Session ID#: 13668

Session Description:
The MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) mission at Mars, now into its second year, has been fruitfully investigating the science of the Mars upper atmosphere/plasma system, its interactions with the solar wind and atmospheric escape.  MAVEN is expanding on the earlier pathfinder observations made by the Viking Probes, the Phobos mission, Mars Global Surveyor, and in particular, the voluminous complete solar cycle coverage by the still operating Mars Express mission.  This session will seek contributions of new research developments using MAVEN and other compemetary Mars measurement assets as a further step in filling gaps in our understanding of the upper envelop of the Mars environment, its loss to space, and its control by the Sun.
Primary Convener:  Joseph M Grebowsky, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Conveners:  Bruce Martin Jakosky, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States and Dmitri V. Titov, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Chairs:  Jared R Espley, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States and Christopher M Fowler, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
OSPA Liaison:  Janet G Luhmann, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
Index Terms:

5210 Planetary atmospheres, clouds, and hazes [PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY]
6225 Mars [PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS]
7899 General or miscellaneous [SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS]
7999 General or miscellaneous [SPACE WEATHER]

Abstracts Submitted to this Session:

Proton Cyclotron Waves Occurrence Rate Upstream From the Martian Bow Shock: Related Properties of the Planetary Proton Population and Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere of Mars (133222)
Norberto Romanelli1, Christian Xavier Mazelle2, Jean-Yves Chaufray3, Karim Meziane4, Lican Shan5, Suranga Ruhunusiri6, John E P Connerney7, Jared R Espley8, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.9, Edward Thiemann9, Jasper S Halekas10, David L Mitchell11, James P McFadden11, Dave A Brain12 and Bruce Martin Jakosky13, (1)LATMOS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, (2)IRAP, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France, (3)LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, Guyancourt, France, (4)University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, (5)Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (6)Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States, (7)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (11)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (12)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (13)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Statistical analysis of reflection of incident O+ pickup ions at Mars (144109)
Kei Masunaga, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, Kanako Seki, University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, Dave A Brain, University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, Xiaohua Fang, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, Yaxue Dong, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, Bruce Martin Jakosky, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, James P McFadden, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States and John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States
Martian Electron Foreshock: New Results from MAVEN (149556)
Christian Xavier Mazelle1,2, Karim Meziane3,4, David L Mitchell5, Norberto Romanelli1,6, James P McFadden5, Jared R Espley7, John E P Connerney8, Jasper S Halekas9, Bruce Martin Jakosky10 and Abdelhaq Mahrez Hamza11, (1)University Paul Sabatier, IRAP, Toulouse, France, (2)IRAP CNRS, Toulouse, France, (3)Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada, (4)University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada, (5)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)LATMOS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (8)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (9)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (10)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (11)University of New Brunswick, Physics Department, Fredericton, NB, Canada
Solar energetic particle events observed by MAVEN (170596)
Christina O Lee1, Robert J Lillis2, Davin E Larson3, Patrick A Dunn4, Dave A Brain5, Jasper S Halekas6, Jared R Espley7, Cary Zeitlin8, Bent Ehresmann9, Don Hassler9, Jingnan Guo10, Janet G Luhmann1 and Bruce Martin Jakosky11, (1)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (2)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (4)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (6)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (8)NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States, (9)Southwest Research Institute Boulder, Solar System Science & Exploration Division, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)University of Science and Technology of China, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Hefei, China, (11)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Whistler mode waves driven by anisotropic electrons in the Martian magnetosphere (129169)
Yuki Harada1, Laila Andersson2, Christopher M Fowler3, David L Mitchell4, Jasper S Halekas5, Christian Xavier Mazelle6, Jared R Espley7, Gina A DiBraccio8, James P McFadden4, Dave A Brain4, Shaosui Xu9, Suranga Ruhunusiri10, Davin E Larson11, Robert J Lillis4, Dr. Takuya Hara11, Roberto Livi4 and Bruce Martin Jakosky12, (1)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (6)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (9)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States, (10)Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States, (11)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (12)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Observations of partially developed Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices at Mars (136358)
Suranga Ruhunusiri1, Jasper S Halekas2, James P McFadden3, John E P Connerney4, Jared R Espley5, Yuki Harada6, Roberto Livi3, Kanako Seki7, Christian Xavier Mazelle8, Dave A Brain3, Dr. Takuya Hara9, Gina A DiBraccio10, Davin E Larson9, David L Mitchell3, Bruce Martin Jakosky11 and Hiroshi Hasegawa12, (1)Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States, (2)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (3)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (6)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (7)University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (8)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (9)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (10)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (11)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (12)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan
A shifting paradigm of the Martian magnetotail: MAVEN observations of complex field configuration (157528)
Gina A DiBraccio1, Jared R Espley2, Janet G Luhmann3, Jacob Gruesbeck4, Yasir Ibn Jilani Soobiah1, John E P Connerney5, Shaosui Xu6, David L Mitchell7, Shannon Curry8, Yuki Harada9, Jasper S Halekas10, Dave A Brain11, Chuanfei Dong7, Dr. Takuya Hara6 and Bruce Martin Jakosky12, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (3)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (4)NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, United States, (5)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (6)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (7)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (8)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (9)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (10)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (11)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (12)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
MAVEN observations of the effects of space weather on the configuration of the martian induced magnetosphere (158671)
Jared R Espley, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, Jacob Gruesbeck, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, United States, Shannon Curry, University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, Christina O Lee, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, David L Mitchell, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Christian Xavier Mazelle, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France and Davin E Larson, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
MAVEN Observations of the Thickness and Asymmetry of the Martian Induced Magnetospheric Boundar (159802)
Jacob Gruesbeck1, Jared R Espley2, John E P Connerney3, Gina A DiBraccio4, Yasir Ibn Jilani Soobiah4, Christian Xavier Mazelle5, Dave A Brain6, Julian Dann7, Jasper S Halekas8, David L Mitchell9 and James P McFadden9, (1)NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (3)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (4)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (5)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (6)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (7)Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States, (8)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (9)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
Induced Global Magnetic Fields Looping Around the Magnetotails of Venus and Mars (176718)
Lihui Chai1, Weixing Wan2, Yong Wei1, Tielong Zhang3, Markus Fraenz4, Edward Dubinin5, Stas Barbash6 and Zhaojin Rong1, (1)Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (2)IGG Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (3)Space Research Institute, Graz, Austria, (4)Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Goettingen, Germany, (5)Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Gottingen, Germany, (6)NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, United States
Transient foreshock phenomena at Mars and Venus and their effects on the induced magnetosphere and ionosphere (159965)
Glyn Collinson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Nick Omidi, Solana Scientific Inc, Solana Beach, United States, Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States and David G Sibeck, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, United States
MAVEN Observations of Current Sheet Dynamics in the Martian Magnetotail (163181)
Julian Dann1, Gina A DiBraccio2, Jared R Espley3, Jacob Gruesbeck4, Yasir Ibn Jilani Soobiah2 and John E P Connerney2, (1)Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (3)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (4)NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, United States
MAVEN observations of a giant ionospheric flux rope around Mars in consequence of interactions between local crustal and overlaid interplanetary magnetic field lines (136972)
Dr. Takuya Hara1, Dave A Brain2, David L Mitchell3, Janet G Luhmann4, Kanako Seki5, Hiroshi Hasegawa6, James P McFadden3, Jasper S Halekas7, Jared R Espley8, Yuki Harada3, Roberto Livi3, Gina A DiBraccio9, John E P Connerney10, Christian Xavier Mazelle11, Laila Andersson12 and Bruce Martin Jakosky13, (1)University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (2)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (3)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (5)University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (6)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan, (7)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (11)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (12)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (13)LASP, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
The Mars Crustal Magnetic Field Control of Plasma Boundary Locations and Atmospheric Loss: MHD Prediction and Comparison with MAVEN Observations (123232)
Xiaohua Fang1, Yingjuan Ma2, Kei Masunaga3, Yaxue Dong4, Dave A Brain5, Jasper S Halekas6, Robert J Lillis5, Bruce Martin Jakosky7, John E P Connerney8 and Joseph M Grebowsky9, (1)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, (2)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (3)Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (4)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (7)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
The spatial evolution of the mixing layer in the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the Martian ionopause (158563)
Sae Aizawa1, Naoki Terada2, Yasumasa Kasaba3, Manabu Yagi1 and Yosuke Matsumoto4, (1)Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (2)Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan, (3)Tohoku University, Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan, (4)Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Inferring IMF Orientation From Martian Current Sheet Crossings Using MAVEN Data (184675)
Charles Fleshner Bowers, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, Dave A Brain, University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, Gina A DiBraccio, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Tristan David Weber, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States and John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States
Multi-Component Current Sheets in the Martian Magnetotail. MAVEN Observations (173676)
Elena Grigorenko1, Lev M Zelenyi2, Oleg L Vaisberg2, Vladimir Ermakov2, Edward Dubinin3 and Helmi V Malova1, (1)Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia, (2)Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Moscow, Russia, (3)Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Gottingen, Germany
Magnetic Topology at Mars as Inferred from Electron Pitch Angle Distributions Taken by the SWEA Instrument on MAVEN (161748)
Tristan David Weber, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, Dave A Brain, University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, David L Mitchell, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States and Bruce Martin Jakosky, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Martian Low-Altitude Magnetic Topology Deduced from MAVEN/SWEA Observations (158038)
Shaosui Xu1, David L Mitchell2, Michael Warren Liemohn3, Xiaohua Fang4, Yingjuan Ma5, Janet G Luhmann6, Dave A Brain2, Morgane Steckiewicz7, Christian Xavier Mazelle8, John E P Connerney9 and Bruce Martin Jakosky10, (1)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (2)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (3)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (4)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, (5)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (6)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (7)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (8)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (9)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (10)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Statistical study of relation between the magnetic pileup boundary and ion composition boundary around Mars based on MAVEN observations (182231)
Kazunari Matsunaga1, Kanako Seki2, Dave A Brain3, Dr. Takuya Hara4, James P McFadden5, Jasper S Halekas6, David L Mitchell5, Christian Xavier Mazelle7, Jared R Espley8 and Bruce Martin Jakosky9, (1)Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, (2)University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan, (3)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (4)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (5)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (7)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Investigating Horizontal Fields in the Martian Ionosphere Using Magnetometer Data from the MAVEN Satellite (182803)
Alexander Lee Fogle, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, Matthew O. Fillingim, University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, Patrick A Dunn, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States and John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States
Comparison of Global Martian Plasma Models Using MAVEN Data (151147)
Hilary Lauren Egan1, Yingjuan Ma2, Chuanfei Dong3, Ronan Modolo4, Stephen W Bougher5, Jasper S Halekas6, Dave A Brain7, James P McFadden3, John E P Connerney8, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.9, David L Mitchell3 and Bruce Martin Jakosky10, (1)University of Colorado Boulder, Astrophysical and Planetary Science, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (3)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)LATMOS Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Paris Cedex 05, France, (5)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (6)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (7)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (8)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (9)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, (10)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Comparison between MAVEN measurements and HELIOSARES coupled models (129977)
Francois Leblanc1, Ronan Modolo2, Jean-Yves Chaufray3, Ludivine Leclercq4, Shannon Curry5, Janet G Luhmann6, Robert J Lillis7, Dr. Takuya Hara8, James P McFadden7, Jasper S Halekas9, Nicholas McCord Schneider5, Justin Deighan10 and Bruce Martin Jakosky11, (1)LATMOS/IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, Paris, France, (2)LATMOS Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Paris Cedex 05, France, (3)LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, Guyancourt, France, (4)Université de Versailles St Quentin, paris, France, (5)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (6)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (7)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (8)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (9)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (10)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (11)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
A Comparison between 3D Model Results Using Two Different Collision Schemes: Forward Scattering vs. Hard Sphere Collision (187731)
Yuni Lee1, Michael R Combi1, Valeriy Tenishev1, Stephen W Bougher2, Robert E Johnson3 and Catherine Tully4, (1)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (2)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (3)University of Virginia, Materials Science and Engineering, Charlottesville, United States, (4)Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Solar Wind Interaction and Crustal Field Influences on Mars' Upper Ionosphere: MAVEN Observations Compared to Model Results (134080)
Janet G Luhmann, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, Karen Alvarez, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, Shannon Curry, University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, Chuanfei Dong, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Yingjuan Ma, University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, Stephen W Bougher, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Mehdi Benna, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, Dr. Meredith K Elrod, University of Maryland College Park, Astronomy Department, College Park, United States, Paul R Mahaffy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, Paul Withers, Boston University, Boston, United States, Zachary Girazian, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, Dave A Brain, University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States and Bruce M Jakosky, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States
Probing the Martian Exosphere and Neutral Escape Using Pickup Ions Measured by MAVEN (118657)
Ali Rahmati1, Davin E Larson2, Thomas Cravens3, Jasper S Halekas4, Robert J Lillis5, James P McFadden5, David L Mitchell5, Ed Thiemann6, John E P Connerney7, Patrick A Dunn8, Gina A DiBraccio9, Jared R Espley7, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.10 and Bruce Martin Jakosky11, (1)University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (3)University of Kansas, Physics and Astronomy, Lawrence, KS, United States, (4)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (5)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (8)University of California, Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (10)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, (11)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Characteristic of Ion loss as Determined by Hybrid Simulations (189139)
Stephen H Brecht, Bay Area Research Corporation, Orinda, CA, United States and Stephen A Ledvina, University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
High Resolution Observations of Escaping Ions in the Martian Magnetotail (138268)
Jasper S Halekas1, Caleb Raman1, Dave A Brain2, Gina A DiBraccio3, Yuki Harada4, James P McFadden5, David L Mitchell5, John E P Connerney6 and Bruce M Jakosky7, (1)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (2)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (3)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (4)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (5)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (7)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States
Photochemical escape of oxygen from Mars: constraints from MAVEN in situ measurements (149010)
Robert J Lillis1, Justin Deighan2, Jane Lee Fox3, Stephen W Bougher4, Yuni Lee5, Thomas Cravens6, Ali Rahmati7, Paul R Mahaffy8, Laila Andersson9, Michael R Combi5, Mehdi Benna10, Bruce Martin Jakosky11 and Hannes Gröller12, (1)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States, (4)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (5)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (6)University of Kansas, Physics and Astronomy, Lawrence, KS, United States, (7)University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, (11)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (12)University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ, United States
Mars Planetary Ion Escape: Assessing Transitional Trajectories (175025)
Blake Christian Johnson, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Detecting Field-Aligned Current Signatures Using MAVEN Observations (195122)
Kathleen Gwen Hanley, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, Dave A Brain, University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States and Tristan David Weber, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
Overview of MAVEN Particle and Fields Package (PFP) Measurements During Observations of Discrete Aurora at Mars by the MAVEN Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) (179105)
Yasir Ibn Jilani Soobiah1, Jared R Espley2, John E P Connerney3, Jacob Gruesbeck4, Gina A DiBraccio1, Nick Schneider5, Sonal Jain6, Dave A Brain7, Laila Andersson8, Jasper S Halekas9, Robert J Lillis10, James P McFadden10, David L Mitchell10, Christian Xavier Mazelle11, Justin Deighan12, William E McClintock12, James Webster8 and Bruce Martin Jakosky13, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (3)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (4)NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, United States, (5)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (6)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (7)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (8)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (10)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (11)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (12)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (13)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
The Martian diffuse aurora: Monte Carlo simulations and comparison with IUVS-MAVEN observations (172007)
Jean-Claude M. C. Gerard1, Lauriane Soret2, Nicholas McCord Schneider3, Valery Shematovich4, Dmitry Bisikalo4, Stephen W Bougher5, Sonal Jain6, Robert J Lillis7, David L Mitchell8, Bruce Martin Jakosky8, Justin Deighan9 and Davin E Larson10, (1)Université de Liège, Liege, Belgium, (2)Université de Liège, STAR-LPAP, Liège, Belgium, (3)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (4)Institute of Astronomy, Moskow, Russia, (5)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (6)University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (8)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (9)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (10)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
Variations of the Martian cold oxygen exosphere derived from the O 130.4 nm line by IUVS/MAVEN (137942)
Jean-Yves Chaufray1, Justin Deighan2, Nicholas McCord Schneider3, Sonal Jain4, Ian F Stewart2, Michael Chaffin3, John T Clarke5, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.6, Edward Thiemann3, Phillip C Chamberlin7 and Bruce Martin Jakosky8, (1)LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Université, Guyancourt, France, (2)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (3)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (4)University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (6)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, (7)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (8)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Emission Line Properties from Analysis of MAVEN-IUVS Echellograms of the Martian Atmosphere (128636)
Majd Mayyasi1, John T Clarke2, Ian F Stewart3, William E McClintock3, J Scott Evans4, Michael H Stevens5, Justin Deighan3, Nicholas McCord Schneider6 and Bruce Martin Jakosky7, (1)Boston University, Center for Space Physics, Boston, MA, United States, (2)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (3)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, United States, (5)Naval Research Lab DC, Space Science Division, Washington, DC, United States, (6)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (7)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
He Bulge Detection and CO2 variations in the Upper Atmosphere of Mars: MAVEN NGIMS data (138248)
Dr. Meredith K Elrod, University of Maryland College Park, Astronomy Department, College Park, United States, Stephen W Bougher, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Jared Micheal Bell, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 675, Greenbelt, MD, United States, Paul R Mahaffy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, Mehdi Benna, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, Shane Wesley Stone, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, United States, Roger V Yelle, University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, United States and Bruce M Jakosky, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States
Atmospheric Effects During Solar Energetic Particle Events in Magnetized Regions of Mars (148603)
Rebecca Jolitz1, Christina O Lee2, Chuanfei Dong3, Dave A Brain3, Robert J Lillis3, Shannon Curry4 and Davin E Larson5, (1)University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (2)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (3)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (5)Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
Uncertainty Associated with Using Earth-Based EUV Measurements to Estimate EUV Irradiance at Other Planets (164489)
Edward Thiemann, University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, Phillip C Chamberlin, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States and Thomas N Woods, University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States
Statistical observations of martian 20-30 eV photoelectrons by MAVEN/SWEA (169859)
Philippe Garnier1, Morgane Steckiewicz2, Nicolas Andre3, Christian Xavier Mazelle4, Jean-Andre Sauvaud2, Shotaro Sakai5, Thomas Cravens6, David L Mitchell7, Robert J Lillis7, Jared R Espley8, Dave A Brain9, Laila Andersson10 and Bruce Martin Jakosky11, (1)Universite Paul Sabatier, TOULOUSE, France, (2)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (3)CNRS, Paris Cedex 16, France, (4)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (5)University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States, (6)University of Kansas, Physics and Astronomy, Lawrence, KS, United States, (7)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (8)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (9)University of Colorado at Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States, (10)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (11)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Production, Thermalization and Transport of Photoelectrons in the Mars Environment (198952)
David L Mitchell, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Shaosui Xu, University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, Christian Xavier Mazelle, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, Morgane Steckiewicz, IRAP, Toulouse, France, Janet G Luhmann, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States and Laila Andersson, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
The Response of High Energy Photoelectrons in The Mars Atmosphere to Variable Solar Input (163666)
Isabel Faith Mills, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, United States, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, Edward Thiemann, University of Colorado Boulder, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, United States and David L Mitchell, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
Martian Electron Density and Temperatures Below 200 km as a Function of Solar Irradiance Input (120302)
William K Peterson1, Laila Andersson1, Robert Ergun2, Christopher M Fowler3, Edward Thiemann4, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.5, Dr. Meredith K Elrod6, Mehdi Benna7, David L Mitchell8, Christian Xavier Mazelle9, Stephen W Bougher10 and Thomas Cravens11, (1)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (2)Univ Colorado, Boulder, United States, (3)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)LASP, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (5)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States, (6)University of Maryland College Park, Astronomy Department, College Park, United States, (7)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, (8)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (9)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (10)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (11)University of Kansas, Physics and Astronomy, Lawrence, KS, United States
MAVEN observations of electron temperatures in the dayside ionosphere at Mars (129571)
Shotaro Sakai1, Thomas Cravens2, Laila Andersson3, Christopher M Fowler3, Edward Thiemann3, Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.3, Stephen W Bougher4, Ali Rahmati5, Nathaniel L Reedy1, David L Mitchell6, Christian Xavier Mazelle7,8, Paul R Mahaffy9 and Bruce Martin Jakosky10, (1)University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States, (2)University of Kansas, Physics and Astronomy, Lawrence, KS, United States, (3)LASP, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (4)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (5)University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, (6)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (7)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (8)IRAP CNRS, Toulouse, France, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (10)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
The impact of electron temperature and neutral density profiles on ion outflow at Mars (198877)
Adam K Woodson, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, United States, Laila Andersson, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, Robert Ergun, Univ Colorado, Boulder, United States, Christopher M Fowler, Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, Dr. Meredith K Elrod, University of Maryland College Park, Astronomy Department, College Park, United States, Paul R Mahaffy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States and Bruce Martin Jakosky, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
Comparative Measurements of Ionospheres at Mars and Earth: MGS, MEX, MRO, MAVEN and Ionosondes (134712)
Michael Mendillo1, Clara Narvaez1, Jeffrey Trovato2, Majd Mayyasi1, Marissa F. Vogt3, Luke Moore4, Carlos R. Martinis1, Kathryn Fallows2, Paul Withers3, Paul R Mahaffy5, Mehdi Benna5, Laila Andersson6 and Bruce A Campbell7, (1)Boston University, Center for Space Physics, Boston, MA, United States, (2)Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, (3)Boston University, Boston, United States, (4)Boston University, Astronomy; Center for Space Physics, Boston, United States, (5)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (6)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (7)Smithsonian Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Washington, United States
Global Distribution of the Nightside Martian Suprathermal Electron Depletions (125832)
Morgane Steckiewicz1,2, Philippe Garnier3, Nicolas André4, Emmanuel Penou5, Arnaud Beth6, Jean-Andre Sauvaud1, Christian Xavier Mazelle2, David L Mitchell7, James P McFadden7, Janet G Luhmann8, Robert J Lillis7, Dave A Brain7, Jared R Espley9, Laila Andersson10, Jasper S Halekas11 and Bruce Martin Jakosky12, (1)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (2)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (3)Universite Paul Sabatier, TOULOUSE, France, (4)IRAP, CNRS, Toulouse, France, (5)Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, (6)Imperial College London, Department of Physics / SPAT, London, United Kingdom, (7)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (8)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States, (9)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (10)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States, (11)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (12)Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
MAVEN Observations of the Variable Nature of Ionospheric Waves (161984)
Alexander David Shane, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Jared R Espley, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, Jacob Gruesbeck, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, United States, Gina A DiBraccio, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States and Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
The influence of crustal magnetic fields on the composition of the nightside ionosphere of Mars (157869)
Zachary Girazian1, Paul R Mahaffy2, Mehdi Benna3, Dr. Meredith K Elrod4, Yingjuan Ma5, Janet G Luhmann6 and Joseph M Grebowsky1, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (3)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, (4)University of Maryland College Park, Astronomy Department, College Park, United States, (5)University of California Los Angeles, Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (6)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
Ionospheric Effect of Radial Solar Wind Magnetic Field at Mars Observed by MAVEN and MARSIS Ionospheric Sounding (180136)
David DeWitt Morgan, University of Iowa, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa City, IA, United States, Jasper S Halekas, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, Suranga Ruhunusiri, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States, Donald A Gurnett, University of Iowa, Physics and Astronomy, Iowa City, IA, United States and John E P Connerney, Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States
Transient Upper Layers and Associated Current Sheets in the Ionosphere of Mars (180277)
Andrew James Kopf1, Donald A Gurnett2, Gina A DiBraccio3, David DeWitt Morgan4 and Jasper S Halekas1, (1)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (2)University of Iowa, Physics and Astronomy, Iowa City, IA, United States, (3)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (4)University of Iowa, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa City, IA, United States
Structure and Sources for Mars’ Night-side Ionosphere from MAVEN Observations (194265)
Danica Adams1, Shaosui Xu2, David L Mitchell3, Christian Xavier Mazelle4, Morgane Steckiewicz5, Paul R Mahaffy6, Mehdi Benna7, James P McFadden3, Jasper S Halekas8, John E P Connerney9 and Dr. Francis Gerard Eparvier, Ph.D.10, (1)Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (2)University of California Berkeley, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, United States, (3)University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, (4)University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse Cedex 09, France, (5)IRAP, Toulouse, France, (6)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States, (7)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, (8)University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States, (9)Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, United States, (10)University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, United States
Crustal Magnetic Field Effects on the Martian High-Latitude Electron Density Profiles (127676)
Tariq Majeed, American University of Sharjah, Physics, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Stephen W Bougher, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, MI, United States and Syed Aftab Haider, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
Mars Ionosphere Meteoritic Ion Distributions –A Mixture of Earth and Venus Characteristics (126330)
Joseph M Grebowsky1, Mehdi Benna2, Glyn Collinson1 and Paul R Mahaffy3, (1)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States, (2)University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, United States, (3)NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, United States
The Zodiacal Cloud Model applied to the Martian atmosphere. Diurnal variations in meteoric ion layers (172936)
Juan Diego Carrillo-Sánchez, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, John M C Plane, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, United Kingdom, Paul Withers, Boston University, Boston, United States, Kathryn Fallows, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, David Nesvorny, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, United States and Petr Pokorný, Western University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ontario, Canada

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