Exploring the potential of Geospatial Technology for oil spill detection in shallow coastal areas in the Arabian Gulf

Geospatial Technology is helpful in several modes of oil spill control, including large area surveillance, site specific monitoring and tactical assistance in emergencies. Geospatial is able to provide indispensable in sequence to enhance strategic and strategic decision-making, potentially reducing incidence of spills by providing a deterrent factor, decreasing response costs by facilitating rapid oil recovery and ultimately minimizing impact. Remote sensing and GIS provides an effective tool for timely oil pollution response. This research paper includes the spectral signature in the optical and infrared domains of oil slicks observed in shallow coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf were investigated with Microwave data. Images estimates of sea currents from hydrodynamic models supported the multi-sensor oil tracking technique. Satellite images with and without sun glint were studied as the spectral signature of oil slicks in the optical sphere of influence depends upon the viewing geometry and the solar angle in addition to the type of oil and its thickness. Depending on the combination of those factors, oil slicks may exhibit bright contrasts with respect to oil-free waters. The oil slick with bright contrast observed by Microwave data showed lower temperature than oil-free areas. Ocean circulation and wind data were used to track oil slicks and forecast their potential landfall. The synergistic use of satellite observations and hydrodynamic modeling is recommended for establishing an early warning and decision support system for oil pollution response.