Radiometry from Bio-Argo Floats: a New Strategy to Validate Ocean Color Products at the Global Scale.

Emanuele Organelli1, Herve Claustre1, Romain Serra2, Annick Bricaud1, Catherine Schmechtig3, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio1, Antoine Poteau1, Antoine Mangin2, Edouard Leymarie1, Grigor Obolensky4, Louis M Prieur1, Giorgio Dall'Olmo5 and Xiaogang Xing6, (1)Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France, (2)ACRI-ST, Sophia Antipolis, France, (3)OSU Ecce Terra, UMS 3455, CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu 75252, Paris, France, (4)EURO-ARGO ERIC, Centre IFREMER Brest, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS10070, 29280, Plouzané, France, (5)Plymouth marine Laboratory, National Centre for Earth Observation, Plymouth, United Kingdom, (6)Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Québec City, Canada
Abstract:
Thanks to a new generation of Bio-Argo floats equipped with sensors for PAR (Photosynthetically Available Irradiance) and downward irradiance measurements at selected wavelengths (i.e., 380, 412 and 490 nm), the number of radiometric measurements has been dramatically increasing and data are available for diverse open ocean systems, including winter periods with harsh seas when ships can hardly sample. More than 6500 radiometric profiles have so far been acquired around solar noon in the upper 250 m of the ocean. These radiometric profiles, acquired simultaneously to other key biogeochemical and bio-optical variables (chlorophyll a, CDOM, light backscattering), represent a fruitful data source for validation of Ocean Color (OC) products. Two different strategies can be implemented: direct validation of satellite OC products and identification of regions characterized by bio-optical anomalies. Diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd) derived from these profiles, after a specifically developed quality control, are used for these purposes.
A good agreement is observed between satellite-derived Kd values at 490 nm and their Bio-Argo counterparts. However, satellite overestimates low in situ Kd values found in very clear waters (e.g., Atlantic and Pacific Sub-Tropical Gyres). The analysis of the spectral Kd variability in the surface ocean shows the potential of Bio-Argo floats in identifying those regions with optical properties departing from global bio-optical relationships. Divergences of the ratio between Kd values at 380 nm and those at 490 nm from global bio-optical models are observed in areas such as the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic in winter. This might cause difficulties in retrieving biogeochemical parameters from satellite data. Hence, delineation of “anomalous” regions by Bio-Argo floats represents a useful strategy for planning dedicated cruises, setting mooring buoys or using CAL/VAL floats in order to improve Ocean Color applications.