Autonomous Gliders Observed Physical and Biogeochemical Interplay at Submesoscale during Deep Convection in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean)

Anthony Bosse1, Pierre Testor2, Pierre Damien3, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio4, Louis M Prieur5, Claude Estournel6, Patrick Marsaleix6 and Laurent Mortier7, (1)Université Pierre et Maris Curie, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Paris, France, (2)Laboratoire d'Océanographie et de Climatologie, Paris, France, (3)University of California Los Angeles, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, United States, (4)Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche, Villefranche Sur Mer, France, (5)Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France, (6)Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Toulouse, France, (7)ENSTA-ParisTech, Palaiseau, France
Abstract:
Since 2010, sustained observations of the circulation and water properties of the NW Mediterranean Sea have been carried out by gliders in the framework of the MOOSE observatory (Mediterranean Ocean Observatory System for the Environment: http://www.moose-network.fr/). They regularly sampled the wintertime Northern Current (NC), the deep convection zone as well as the North Balearic Front (NBF) collecting a great amount of physical and biogeochemical measurements.
During periods of deep convection, the offshore mixed layer can reach great depths (>2300 m) in the Gulf of Lions. Baroclinic fronts then become very intense and reveal a lot of variability at submesoscale in the upper 500 m or so. In terms of process, symmetric instability has been evidenced to occurr during strong wind events by gliders measurements. Complementary analysis performed with the help of a high-resolution regional model (dx,dy=1 km) highlight the prominent role of downfront winds in triggering this instability. Important vertical exchanges of oceanic tracers at the front approximately aligned with isopycnals of magnitude O(100m/day) occur in response to this strong atmospheric forcing. Finally, gliders measurements of Chl-a fluorescence show how this frontal instability seems to stimulate phytoplankton growth in frontal regions during harsh wintertime conditions.