A Direct Numerical Simulation of Langmuir Circulations with Nonhydrostatic Free-surface Model: Dynamical Analysis of Driving Mechanism and Comparison with Vortex Force Formulation

Yasushi Fujiwara, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, Japan, Yutaka Yoshikawa, Kyoto University Rigakubu, Kyoto, Japan and Yoshimasa Matsumura, The University of Tokyo, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Kashiwa, Japan