Diagnostic of the formation of seasonal pycnocline using the potential energy anomaly in the North Pacific

Ryohei Yamaguchi1, Toshio Suga1,2, Bo Qiu3 and Kelvin John Richards4, (1)Tohoku University, Graduate School of Science, Sendai, Japan, (2)JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, (3)Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States, (4)University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States